Method and system for ligating a body part

ABSTRACT

A ligature device and method of use are disclosed. More specifically, a ligature device capable of maintaining a ligature band in an elongated position, applying a preformed ligation band to an object to be ligated, manually releasing the ligation band from an elongated position, and securing a ligation band in a tensioned position is described. The ligation device may be used to apply ligation bands to various body parts of various animals.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Non-Provisional patent application is a Continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/035,031, filed Jul. 13, 2018, issued as U.S.Pat. No. 10,772,634, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/014,369, filed Feb. 3, 2016, issued as U.S. Pat. No.10,045,783, which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/583,939, filed Nov. 21, 2012, issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,271,735, which is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 ofPCT Application No. PCT/US2011/028312 having an international filingdate of Mar. 14, 2011, which designated the United States and claims thebenefit of priority of U.S. Patent Application No. 61/313,585, filedMar. 12, 2010, and of U.S. Patent Application No. 61/367,198 filed Jul.23, 2010, and of U.S. Patent Application No. 61/441,943, filed Feb. 11,2011, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to ligature tools and devices.More specifically, the present invention relates to methods and toolsuseful for ligating a body part of an animal using ligation membersacting in tension and an application tool.

BACKGROUND

A preferred method for the removal of a body part is ligation. Ligationis a process in which a band or chord is fastened to a body part to beremoved in order to constrict it, thus cutting off the supply of bloodand systematic support. The body part thereafter atrophies and dropsaway from the body. Ligation is used for many purposes includingcastration and removal of horns, tails or other body parts from animals.

Ligation has a number of advantages over surgical procedures for suchapplications. First, ligation has a safety advantage in that the animalnormally does not become susceptible to infection. For example, in thecase of castration of bulls, a period of about two weeks to a monthtypically passes between the time that the ligature is attached to thescrotum and the time that the scrotum drops off. During this time thearea adjacent to the ligature heals, thus reducing the likelihood ofinfection. Another advantage of ligation is that ligation can beperformed critically by non-expert personnel, thereby reducing costs. Inaddition, when the ligature is sufficiently tight, ligation cangenerally be performed with little stress on the animal because the bodypart numbs quickly after the blood supply is cut off.

Known ligation devices for use with the younger male animals includeelastrator rings. Elastrator rings may be applied to an animal with theuse of a scissor like instrument capable of expanding a rubber ringwhich may then be placed in a desired position, the handles released,and the tool withdrawn. Elastrator rings may suffer from drawbacks ofsupplying insufficient or excessive tension to a body part. Insufficienttension may result in unsuccessful ligation in addition to infliction ofpain upon the animal, thus frustrating the purpose of ligation. Knownelastrator rings, while broadly used around the world due to theirinexpensive cost, are considered one of the most stressful procedures ananimal can experience.

Another ligation method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,691,704 toWadsworth, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Aloop of a ligature elastomeric band is formed around the body part to beligated, and then an end portion of the band is attached to a lever arm.The lever arm can then be retracted in a substantially linear fashion bysuccessive pulls on a trigger mechanism, thereby tightening the loop.However, the process of tightening the loop through successive pulls onthe trigger mechanism is time consuming and the animal must therefore berestrained for a relatively long period of time. In addition, thetension which can be imparted to the band, and the tightness of theloop, are limited by the hand strength of the user, the length of therod, etc. Moreover, relatively large frictional and abrasive forces areexerted on the band where the band is attached to the lever arm, therebyincreasing the likelihood of damage to the elastomeric material, causingbreakage before the desired tension is achieved. Additionally, due tothe design of the ligature tool, an operator is limited in the extent towhich the band can be tightened. Once an operator has fully retractedthe lever arm, the loop's tightness cannot be increased.

Another method of ligation is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,434 toCallicrate. Callicrate discloses a method and apparatus for ligationincluding the steps of forming a loop about the body part with a band ofligature material and winding the band to tighten the loop. The band maybe tightened by securing the band to a spool and then rotating the spoolto align the band. After the loop is tightened the loop can be securedby crimping a grommet so that the band is secured therein.

It is known in the art that proper and successful ligation oftenrequires a sufficiently precise amount of tension to be applied to aband. The application of excessive tension may cause the band or devicebeing applied to break. Conversely, when inadequate tension is applied,ligation efforts may prove unsuccessful, subject an animal to pain, andoften result in a user resorting to conventional and less desirablemethods of surgical castration.

Prior art devices that employ an endless loop or band are known toprovide flexibility in that they may accommodate a variety of differentsized body parts and different amounts of tension. However, it is knownthat such devices require cutting or severing of at least a portion ofthe band after tension is applied. This cutting may result in variouscomplications, including breakage of the band, and gaps being formedbetween a band and a band clamp. Moreover, provision of a sharp cuttingtool, whether or not associated with a ligation tool, is inherentlydangerous and can result in undesired harm to an operator. Prior artdevices which require separate cutting tools for performing ligationprocedures may frustrate ligation procedures or place a user in harm'sway when such a tool is misplaced or forgotten.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, there exists a long-felt but unmet need to provide acost-efficient and humane device for the ligation of body parts of younganimals. There further exists a need to provide a device that limits auser's discretion or ability to apply tension to a certain limit or to arange of discrete forces and which further does not require a user tocut a band after tension has been applied.

These and other needs are addressed by the various embodiments andconfigurations of the present invention. Late stage castration is knownto often be desirable, as methods such as surgical castration andelastrator rings may often result in reduction of testosterone levelsand/or an animal's appetite or ability to gain weight when applied tovery young animals. Methods of providing artificial or unnaturalhormones are becoming less desirable due to costs, health benefits ofnatural meat, and other concerns. Additionally, various dangers andcomplications are known to exist when, for example, ligation effortsfail on a 2,500 pound bull. If a partially or fully applied ligatureband breaks due to complications in cutting a band or over-tightening aband, blood flow and sensation may quickly return to such an animalcausing complications requiring professional assistance to prevent deathor other trauma. Known devices do not currently exist for appropriatelyapplying a tensioned band to young animals. Accordingly, it is an objectof the present invention to provide a user with the option ofligating/castrating a younger animal without the previously mentionedcomplications associated with surgical castration and elastrator rings.

By way of providing additional background, context, and to furthersatisfy the written description requirements of 35 U.S.C. § 112, thefollowing references are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentireties: U.S. Pat. No. 4,033,352 to van Reenen, U.S. Pat. Nos.4,691,704, 5,425,736, 5,902,309, 7,371,242, and U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2004/0158265 to Wadsworth, U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2005/0080433 to Porter, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,236,434,5,403,325, 5,681,329, 5,843,095, 5,997,553, 6,270,507, 6,409,738, U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0236541 to Callicrate et al.,and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2005/0080433 to Porter, and2004/0158265 to Wadsworth et al.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a cost effective,manual and/or power source operable device that allows a user to place aband or elastic member around a body part and then selectively apply adesired amount of tension upon the band once formed around the bodypart, without the need for a sharp cutting tool to complete theprocedure. This may be accomplished by, for example, a manually operablemechanism that a user may exert a force upon, which is connected to oneend of a band to be applied, and which may further draw the band througha clasp or crimp band, thus decreasing the circumference of a ligatureband and increasing tension on a body part. The tightened band is thenreleased from the tool without a cutting step.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a ligationdevice for young animals and that is further capable of accommodatingand applying a plurality of different size and strength bands to a bodypart. Different size and strength bands, according to variousembodiments, may be utilized on different aged, sized, breed, body part,etc. of an animal.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide aligation/castration system and method where a ligation tool andcorresponding deployable loop or ring for positioning on and/or around abody part, thus allowing for the entire loop or ring and body part todrop away from an animal once ligation is completed and avoiding theneed to sever a portion of the band/loop once tightened. In oneembodiment, this may be accomplished, at least in part, by a device thatallows for simple manual segregation of a loop or ring from variousaspects of a tool. Accordingly, in various embodiments, the presentinvention does not require a user to cut or sever a portion of aligation band after tension is applied as in currently known devices andmethods.

Those of skill in the art will recognize that various complications mayarise due to cutting of ligation bands. If cutting of a band is notconducted properly, ligation efforts may fail and result in a need toresort to more traditional castration methods or injury to the animaland/or user. The present invention therefore contemplates a device andband where the band may remain on an animal after tensioning andcrimping procedures are conducted and that further does not requirecutting procedures or devices. Crimping procedures of the presentinvention may include various adjustable devices disposed on a portionof a ligature band. Adjustable devices of the present invention mayinclude, by way of example and not limitation, various compressible ormalleable clips, bands, screws, bolts, thumb-screws, zip-ties,conventional cords and cables, rings, staples, and other fastenerscapable of achieving and/or securing tension in a ligature band. Thus,in various embodiments, devices and methods are provided which do notrequire the use of cutting tools or processes and thereforesignificantly simplify and advance the process of ligation.

In one embodiment, a pre-formed adjustable ligation band is provided.For example, a ligating band is provided that is comprised of:

-   -   (a) a defined length of ligature material folded at a midpoint        to create a loop and secured at the non-loop end with a device        that receives tension and maintains the ligature material in a        loop;    -   (b) a crimping band disposed around a portion of the ligature        material that, when in a crimped state, secures tension around a        part to be ligated; and    -   (c) a device for selectively securing the crimping band in a        first position when in an un-crimped state.

In one embodiment, pre-formed adjustable ligation bands are provided ina magazine or dispensing device, thereby confining ligation bands to arelatively small space and facilitating the application of multipleligation bands to one or more animals.

In another embodiment, a crimping band is notched or similarly shaped toprovide for nesting of the crimping band within a portion of a ligationtool and eliminating unwanted float or movement of the crimping bandtherein. In an alternative embodiment, crimping bands comprise aspecific size and shape which ensures their proper use with the propercorresponding tool. For example, a ligation band for use on a young bullmay comprise a crimping band with a specific and unique shape such thatit only fits and is capable of use with the ligation tool thatcorresponds (e.g. applies the proper tension) to such an animal.

Mechanisms of the present invention for applying tension to a band maybe comprised of any number of devices. For example, a lever arm with agrip suitable for communication with a user may be provided. Lever armsof the present invention may be suitable for the linear application oftension force. In one embodiment, a user may grasp and/or stabilize amain portion of a ligation tool while simultaneously imparting tensionupon a lever arm, which may increase the tension on a ligature band.Alternatively, one or more tightening levers may be provided. Portionsof ligation bands may be attached or connected to one or more tighteninglevers which may assist in the displacement of at least a portion of aband from a substantially non-tensioned state to a tensioned state.

In alternative embodiments, a winding mechanism or ratcheted device isprovided which is capable of interfacing and/or applying tension to aband. Where a portion of a band is wound around a tightening object, itwill be recognized that the band may be unwound or similarly releasedfrom a tension applicator (without employment of a cutting mechanism)once a portion of the band has been crimped or otherwise secured aroundan animal part.

In additional alternative embodiments, application of tension force to aligature band is accomplished through various power assisted devices.For example, various motors, such as servo-motors, Brushless DirectCurrent Motors, Alternating Current Motors, and various other similardevices may be incorporated within various aspects of the presentinvention which may be capable of applying a precise and sufficientamount of tension to a ligature band with minimal user effort (e.g.through the push of a button). The present invention furthercontemplates the ability to interconnect with known devices which mayalready incorporate these devices. For example, embodiments of thepresent invention may be connected to electric drills, pneumaticsystems, Dremels®, and other tools. Batteries, solar power, and variousother energy sources can also provide desired power for driving featuresof the present invention.

Alternatively, aspects of the present invention may include the abilityto communicate with a compressor or similar energy generation/storagedevice that may assist in the application of force to a band. Variousembodiments of the present invention include the ability to receive, forexample, pressurized air which may be capable of exerting a force (e.g.via a pressure chamber) that expands an elastic band.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a ligationdevice that limits a user's discretion as to the amount of tension thatmay be applied to a body part. For example, an indicator may be providedto display the proper amount of displacement of one or more mechanismsof the device. Additionally, indicators such as stop pins and similardevices may operate to fix a mechanism in a desired position once propertension is achieved. Alternatively, indicators may simply providefeedback on displacement and tension, while additional mechanisms may beactivated to fix one or more members of the device in a given position.For example, tension indicators as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,409,738to Callicrate, which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety, may be incorporated into various aspects of the presentinvention. Similarly, other known devices, such as strain gauges,colored indicators, various devices useful for indicating a level oftension, and combinations thereof may be incorporated into features ofthe present invention.

While tension gauges are known in the prior art, there still exits aproblem in that operators my disregard such gauges, wrongly thinkingthat greater tension is always preferable. Excessive tension, however,may result in the breakage of a band, undesired pain to an animal,problems in repeating the ligation, loss of time, opportunities, etc.Accordingly, various physical and mechanical aspects of the presentinvention are provided that may limit or dictate a specific amount orrange of tension which is to be applied to a ligature band. In oneembodiment, the present invention comprises a tension rod which may onlyextend to a predetermined limit, thus limiting the amount of tension auser may apply to a ligation band.

It is yet another object of the present invention to eliminate, reduce,or minimize various complications associated with ligating animals. Forexample, it is an object of the present invention to reduce the numberof failed ligation attempts, either due to over-tightening orunder-tightening of ligation bands. Additionally, the present inventioncontemplates the reduction of complications associated with gaps inligation bands or inadequate encapsulation of a body part duringligation.

In various embodiments, a ligation tool and associated band is providedwherein crimping is not required to secure tension in an installed band.Instead, a locking or ratcheting system is provided comprising aligation band, a linkage or pull tang, and a collar having an openingtherethrough. The linkage is secured to the ligation band and is adaptedfor connection with a lever arm, human hand, or similar device. Thecollar includes one or more locking mechanisms that allow the ligationband to pass or translate through a portion of the collar but preventsreverse translation, thus permitting the tightening of the ligation bandwhile maintaining the tension therein.

In one embodiment, a collar comprises a plurality of teeth through whichthe linkage or tang may pass. As tension is applied to the linkage, theligation band is translated through an opening of the collar andcontacts the teeth. As translation occurs, the teeth engage the band andprevent reverse translation thereof. In alternative embodiments, alocking mechanism is provided comprising a pivotable pawl, as shown byU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0234524 to Witt, U.S. Pat.No. 7,017,237 to Magno, Jr., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,009,509 to McCormick; aflexible pawl, as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 5,675,870 to Cooper; an angledlocking surface, as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 5,722,123 to Davignon et al.;or an insertable barb, as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 5,517,728 to Woods; allof which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

In alternative embodiments, a locking or ratcheting system is providedwherein interaction occurs between an elastic band and a collar portionsuch that tension is maintained in the band as it applied, without theneed to perform additional tension-securing step and/or a cutting stepin order to secure the band in its final position for ligation. Invarious embodiments, an elastomeric member is provided in a loop orcircular arrangement with a substantially non-elastic tang portionattached thereto. A collar portion is further provided, the collarportion having an aperture through which the tang and at least a portionof the elastomeric loop may be disposed. Therefore, in at least someembodiments, an elastomeric band may be tightened around an object byapplying a force to the tang portion and maintaining the collar portionin a generally fixed position relative to the tang and the elastomericband. As tension is applied to the band, features of the collar portion,such as protrusions, teeth, wedge portions, and similar features securetension is the band as the band is passed therethrough.

In a preferred embodiment, bands of the present invention are adaptedfor use in ligating one or more parts of animal. However, it iscontemplated that bands of the present invention may be used in avariety of applications, related and unrelated to ligation procedures.For example, bands of the present invention, particularly bandscomprising locking means or locking mechanisms, are suitable for use insecuring bags, such as known garbage bags, red-bags (hazardous waste),etc. Additionally, it is contemplated that bands of the presentinvention may be employed in a wide variety of medical applications,including tourniquet procedures, arterial clamping, etc. In alternativeembodiments, a band comprising reversible locking features may beemployed to secure laces and tensioning members on clothing, jackets,shoes, etc. Accordingly, it will be recognized that bands of the presentinvention are not limited to use in a particular application and may beemployed in myriad applications and devices where tensioning an elasticmember, either reversibly or irreversibly, is desirable.

In another embodiment, a locking mechanism comprises biasing membersdisposed within a collar opening. The biasing members allow motion ofthe ligation band through the opening in a tightening direction.However, upon opposing motion of the ligation band, the biasing membersbear against the surface of the ligation band and produce a wedgingaction that binds the ligation band in the opening and prevents anyfurther backward motion. The biasing members may include ridges,protrusions, pawls, hooks, or barbs. To optimize performance, thebiasing members may be spring loaded to increase the binding motion ofthe biasing member. Additionally, high friction materials may be used toincrease the friction between the biasing members and the ligation band.An advantage of this embodiment is that the ligation band and thelinkage are toothless, thus reducing the cost and complexity of thedeployable ligation assembly.

In yet another embodiment, the locking mechanism comprises lockingmembers disposed within the collar opening and ridges disposed on thelinkage. The locking members and ridges provide 360 degree engagement,thus increasing the securing force of the locking mechanism. The lockingmembers may include ridges, protrusions, hooks, or barbs.

One advantage of a ligation device employing a locking mechanism is theability to remove the crimping assembly, including associated levers andlinkages. First, removal of the crimping assembly reduces the weight andthe overall size of the ligation device, thus making it easier to use.Second, it is known that complications may arise where improper orinadequate crimping occurs. For example, known crimping devices andmethods may leave a gap between ends of a loop or similarly may resultin an overhang or protrusion of a metal clip into a ligation area orcircumference. These results can lead to infliction of pain and/or harmto an animal and unsuccessful ligation.

In certain embodiments, a ligation tool and associated band is providedwherein crimping is required to secure a tightened ligation band. Theligation tool is designed to reduce the complications associated withgaps in ligation bands or inadequate encapsulation of a body part duringligation. In one embodiment, a malleable collar is provided that has anopening configured to allow passage of a linkage and an associatedligation band. Once a desired level of tension is achieved in theligation band, a crimping force is applied to the malleable collar. Thecrimping force deforms the malleable collar, thus securing the linkageand ligation band in place. In various embodiments, a pre-tensioningdevice is provided to assist a user in placement of a ligation bandaround a body part. Where provided, the pre-tensioning device is eitherpermanently attached to the ligation device or temporarily secured tothe ligation device. Additionally, in various embodiments, tensionindicators are provided to indicate a desired level of tension to beapplied to the ligation band, including protrusions and/or extensionsprovided along a length of a lever arm, visual indicators, and/ortension sensing means.

Although various embodiments of the present disclosure contemplatemethods and devices for ligating an animal body part that includeslivestock testicles and other parts, the present disclosure furthercontemplates methods, systems, devices, and embodiments that are adaptedfor use in surgical ligation procedures. U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,060 toAdams et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety,provides an elastic band for ligating tissue within a living body.Various features disclosed by Adams et al. are contemplated for use withembodiments of the present disclosure. For example,

U.S. Pat. No. 5,259,366 to Reydel et al., which is hereby incorporatedby reference in its entirety, discloses a catheter sleeve assembly witha zipper-like locking structure. The devices and methods of Reydel arecontemplate for use in various embodiments of the present disclosure.

In various embodiments, ligation devices of the present disclosure arecontemplated for use with ligation procedures performed on animals andlivestock. Such devices are generally adapted and suited fornon-invasive ligation and/or castration procedures. In variousalternative embodiments, however, it is contemplated that devices andmethods shown and described herein may be used in various surgicalprocedures. Specifically, no limitation with respect to size or scale ofcertain devices including ligation bands (for example) is providedherewith. Accordingly, devices shown and described herein may be used invarious situations and procedures, including surgical ligationprocedures performed within a body cavity. Such devices may comprisevarious materials suitable for such uses. In certain embodiments,ligation bands comprising the structure(s) shown and described hereinmay comprise one or more materials or features described in U.S. Pat.No. 5,676,146 to Scarborough, which is incorporated herein by referencein its entirety. Scarborough provides a surgical implant containing aradiopaque marker which enables the position and/or orientation of theimplant to be readily determined by x-ray or other radiographictechnique following its surgical implantation in the body. Scarboroughalso describes resorbable material, which may be provided in embodimentsof the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a ligation band according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a ligation band according to one embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a pre-tensioning device according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the pre-tensioning device shown withrespect to a force being applied;

FIG. 6 is a detailed perspective view of one embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a detailed perspective view of one embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 9 is a detailed perspective view of a loop according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a front perspective view of one embodiment of a ligation bandapplication tool of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a ligation band application toolaccording to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a top plan view of a ligation band according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a front perspective view of a ligation band according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a top plan view of an anchor member according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a top plan view of an anchor member inserted into a ligationloop according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective view of a ligation band application toolaccording to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a top plan view of a ligation band application tool accordingto one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a ligation band application toolaccording to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19a is a front perspective view of a ligation band according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19b is a rear perspective view of a ligation band according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a ligation band accordingto one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a ligation band accordingto one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a ligation band accordingto one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a ligation band device according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a ligation band accordingto one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a ligation band accordingto one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a ligation band loop assembly accordingto one embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a ligation band loop assembly accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is an exploded perspective view of the ligature band of theembodiment of FIGS. 26 and 27.

It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale.In certain instances, details that are not necessary for anunderstanding of the invention or that render other details difficult toperceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, thatthe invention is not necessarily limited to the particular embodimentsillustrated herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to FIG. 1, a ligation device 10 according to oneembodiment is shown. The device 10 may comprise a lever arm 12 andcorresponding grip or handle 14 for applying tension to a loop or band42 at a distal end of the device 10. A lever arm may extend coaxiallythrough a main portion 22, which extends longitudinally between a handle14 and a band 42. The lever arm 12 and/or main portion 22 may becomprised of various materials known to those of skill in the art. Forexample, a lever arm 12 and/or main portion 22 may be comprised of astainless steel, titanium, or various other materials which providesufficient durability and resistance to stress and corrosion.

At least a portion of a length of a main portion 22 may be wrapped orcoated with a grip 18. Grip portions 18 of the present invention may becomprised of a variety of materials known in the art such as rubber orfoam sleeves, including, but not limited to, cork tapes, NPVC (orNitrile) foam tubing, neoprene, silicone, EPDM foam, and various othermaterials known in the art. It will be recognized that an objective of agrip portion 18 as provided in the present invention is to allow a userto comfortably grasp the device 10. Accordingly, one of skill in the artwill recognize various materials and devices through which this may beaccomplished. In an alternative embodiment, a grip portion 18 may becomprised of recesses in the main body portion 22 which accommodatedigits of a human hand, thus providing a comfortable grip and reducingthe risk of slippage or dropping of the device 10. In yet anotherembodiment, an extension off of the longitudinally extending mainportion 22 is provided which allows a user to grip the device 10 andapply tension to a band 42 via the lever arm 12. For example, a handleor extension may be provided at an angle between 60 and 120 degrees froma centerline of a lever arm 12. In a more preferred embodiment, thisextension may extend from a main portion 22 at an angle between 75 and105 degrees from a centerline of a lever arm 12.

A main portion 22 may be comprised of a substantially hollow member withan aperture 58 or access point provided to allow for user access tovarious components disposed within the main portion 22. According tovarious embodiments of the present invention, a band 42 and attachedhook or tang (62 in FIG. 2) is applied to an animal and subsequentlydeployed from additional aspects of the present invention. Accordingly,for subsequent ligation procedures, it is necessary to reapply a band 42to various components of the invention 10. This may be accomplished bythe aperture 58 formed through a side wall of a main portion 22 whichallows for the attachment of a hook 38 to a ligature band 42. Theaperture 58 may serve various additional functions, such as providingaccess for servicing, repair, and/or cleaning of interior regions of thepresent invention.

In one embodiment, a coaxial relationship between a lever arm 12 and amain portion 22 is established and maintained by a centering device 34.The centering device 34 may be comprised of, for example, asubstantially spherical object which occupies a substantial portion ofan interior diameter and/or circumference of a main portion 22. Thisdevice 34 may further be comprised of various known materials such asvarious metals, PVC, HDPE, LDPE, ceramics, and similar materials whichmay provide a sufficiently low coefficient of friction between thecentering device 34 and an interior surface of the main portion 22.

Those of skill in the art will recognize various other devices which maybe employed to establish and maintain a generally coaxial relationshipbetween a lever arm 12 and a surrounding portion 22. For example, thelever arm 12 may be designed to pass through various eyelets or guideswithin a generally tight tolerance. It will also be recognized thatwhere maintaining such a coaxial relationship is not necessary ordesirable, a centering device 34 need not be employed. The presentinvention therefore contemplates a tool which does not rely on such afeature. However, as it is generally desirable to apply tension to aband 42 by applying force in a substantially parallel manner, apreferred embodiment contemplates the use of such a centering device 34.

Once the desired amount of tension is applied to a body part, a clamp oradjustable device (66 in FIG. 2) may be secured around a portion of aband 42 in order to secure the tension and deploy the band 42.Therefore, in order to crimp a band 42, hinged levers 26 may beprovided. Hinged levers 26 may be comprised of a variety of materials,such as those used for the main portion 22 of the device 10 aspreviously discussed, or a variety of other materials known to withstandforces, including abrasion, moment, and corrosion. Hinged levers 26 mayinclude multiple linkages which allow for forces applied by a user to betranslated to a ligation loop 42 portion 66 to be crimped. Linkages maybe connected by a variety of hinges 54 which allow for the force andmovement applied to hinged lever 26 to be translated and imparted upon adistal portion of the device 10. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, whenhinged levers 26 are compressed toward a main portion 22 of the device10, hinges 54 and linkages may allow for the same or similar inwardmovement of a portion of the devices that causes crimping upon at leasta portion of a loop 42 disposed within a distal end of the device 10. Itwill be recognized that where work area or user size is limited,crimping may be accomplished by providing a single lever arm which maycrimp a crimping band 66.

Those of skill in the art will recognize a variety of additional meansby which crimping may be accomplished. For example, devices may beprovided to assist those of smaller stature or strength. In oneembodiment, the present invention contemplates the use of variousrotatable drums and pull-triggers which may provide a user the abilityto more gradually contract hinged members 26 or similar crimpingdevices. In an alternative embodiment, the present invention mayadditionally comprise a servo-motor or similar device capable ofcrimping a ligation band 42 by simply pushing a button and actuating themotor or similar device. Certain embodiments of the present inventioninclude on-board power supplies, such as batteries, or may be capable ofreceiving power from an external source, such as an AC outlet, in orderto assist in crimping procedures. The present invention alsocontemplates the use of various means of stored energy, such aspneumatic pressure which may be released as a single pulse, to crimp orsecure a ligature band 42. Various devices known in the art, such asstaple guns and nail guns, provide the ability to impart a pulse whichmay be suitable for crimping procedures in accordance with the presentinvention.

Those of skill in the art will recognize that it may be difficult, timeconsuming, or dangerous to apply a band 42 to a body part. Particularlywhen, for example, a band 42 is to be positioned around a bull's orcalf's scrotum, it is desirable to place the band 42 in its desiredposition as quickly and accurately as possible. Thus, in one embodimentof the present invention, a pre-tensioning device 46 may be disposed ona portion of a ligation device 10. The pre-tensioning device 46 may beprovided as an optional attachment or as an integral portion of thedevice 10. As will be described in more detail herein, thepre-tensioning device 46 may provide the ability to position an expandedor tensioned band 42 around a scrotum or body part to be ligated andallow for the subsequent removal of tension by simple manual operation.In one embodiment, removal of tension from a band 42 is conducted in amanner so as to obviate the need to use more than one hand.

Referring now to FIGS. 2-3, detailed views of a band 42 are shown whichmay be used in various ligation procedures. A loop portion 60 of a band42 may be provided in addition to an adjustable portion 66 capable ofsecuring a desired amount of tension, and an anchor hook 62 or tangmember in fixed communication with and capable of assisting in theapplication of tension to the loop 60. An anchor hook or tang 62 mayadditionally serve to maintain a folded or closed loop position of theband 42. A loop portion 60 may be constructed from natural rubber, latexor other elastomeric material suitable for ligature procedures.

In one embodiment, a band 42 is provided wherein the loop portion 60 ispreformed, secured with an anchor hook 62, and further provided with anadjustable portion 66. Preformed bands 42 of the present inventionprovide the ability to quickly load a band 42 into band applicationdevices as discussed herein and simplify ligation procedures. An anchorhook 62, tang, or similar device may be secured to a ligature loop 60 ina variety of ways, including adhesive bonding, crimping, and othersimilar known methods and devices.

An adjustable portion or crimping band 66 may be provided whichsurrounds a band 42 and, when in a relaxed or un-crimped state, does notsignificantly inhibit longitudinal movement of a band 42 with respect tothe adjustable portion 66. Accordingly, tension may be applied to a bodypart (not shown) by placing a loop portion of a band 42 around the bodypart and applying tension such that the band 42 translates through theclamp until a sufficiently small circumference of the band 42 surroundsthe body part. Once the desired level of tension is achieved, thecrimping band 66 may then be crimped to prevent the release of tensionand other unwanted movement of the band 42. Devices and methods forcrimping an adjustable portion 66 and/or band 42 will be described inmore detail in further portions of this Detailed Description.

In one embedment, the crimping band 66 comprises a specific shape,including a plurality of planar faces which are adapted to be receivedand/or mate with a similarly shaped portion of a ligature tool 10. Suchfeatures prohibit the undesired movement/rotation of a crimping band 66and associated ligature band 42 during ligation procedures. Moreover,crimping bands 66 of specific sizes and shapes may correspond to aspecific animal on which they are to be used. For example, as it isknown that an adult bull and a young bull will require different levelsof tension (and thus different bands) for ligation, a band 42 for use ona specific animal has, in one embodiment, a crimping band 66 that isonly operable with a tool that provides for the proper amount of tensionfor that specific animal. This embodiment helps prevent the applicationof an improper band (i.e. one with excessive or inadequate tension).Furthermore, this embodiment helps to ensure that a crimping band 66 isproperly oriented before applying compression and crimping.

In one embodiment, a hook, tang or closed loop 62 is anchored to atleast a portion of the band 42. As will be discussed, an anchor hook ortang 62 may comprise one more longitudinally extending anchor memberswhich extend into a portion of the loop 60 to provide a sufficient levelof attachment and withstand tension forces which are applied duringligation procedures. The anchor hook 62 may be comprised of, forexample, various nylon, plastics, or combinations thereof. Extendingmembers of an anchor hook 62 may further include ridges, protrusions,hooks, or barbs which provide for and assist in maintaining fixedcommunication between an anchor hook 62 and the loop 60.

In one embodiment, ligation bands 42 of the present invention furthercomprise one or more extending members 64 with a hook 68 disposed at itsdistal end. Extending member(s) 64 and associated hook(s) 68 operate tosecure a crimping band 66 in a first position (i.e. an un-crimpedstate). In one embodiment, extending members 64 are comprised of aplastic or similar flexible/elastic material. In a first state, crimpingbands are secured by a hook 68 disposed at a distal end of at least oneextending member 64. Thus, when the crimping band 66 is in an un-crimpedstate, the hook 68 prevents the undesired movement of the crimping band66 toward the distal (i.e. loop) end of the band 66 due to the contactbetween a peripheral edge of the band 66 and a portion of the hook 68.When a crimping band 66 is to be translated toward the distal end of theloop 60 (i.e. during ligation procedures), the extending member(s) 64and hook 68 may be easily displaced by manual force to enable freedom ofmovement of the crimping band 66.

Referring now to FIGS. 4-5, a pre-tensioning device 46 is shown anddescribed in more detail. Those of skill in the art will recognize thatit may be difficult for an individual to simultaneously control oroperate a ligation band, a ligation band application device, and a bodypart of a live animal to be ligated (e.g. a scrotum). Accordingly, thepresent invention contemplates a device 46 which may allow for thepre-tensioning of band 42 and subsequent quick release of the same.

In one embodiment, a pre-tensioning device 46 may be disposed on adistal end 24 of a ligation device. The device 46 may comprise anenclosure member 72 which acts to isolate and surround a part to beligated, a rotating member 74 with extensions 78 suitable foraccommodating a band 42, a hinged release member 70, and quick-releasethumb plate 50. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a rotating member74 may be secured in a pre-tensioning position (i.e. with extensions 78oriented generally perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a device 10)due, in part, to members 82 which communicate and are fixed withinnotched members 86 of a hinged member 70. In this pre-tensioningposition, a band 42 which is partially disposed within a terminal end 24of a ligation device, may be stretched or pre-tensioned aroundextensions 78. The torque applied by a band 42 to the rotating member 74may be resisted by notched members 86 and members 82. Accordingly,undesired rotation of rotating member 74 may be resisted and the bandmay remain in an extended or open position. It will be recognized thatin this state, notched portions 82 of a hinged member in communicationwith members 82 of the rotating member 74 provide the requiredresistance to maintain a band 42 in a pre-tensioned position.

Once a pre-tensioned band is placed in a desired position (e.g.surrounding a body part to be ligated), components of the presentinvention allow for the simple release of tension. As shown in FIG. 5, apre-tensioned loop may be released by applying a force 90 upon a portion50 of a hinged member 70. As shown, a portion of a hinged member 70 maybe comprised of a thumb plate 50 or similar structure which is adaptedfor relative ease of interaction with a human. As force 90 is applied toa hinged member 70, the hinged member 70 will rotate and previouslydiscussed notched portions 86 will similarly rotate free of members 82of a rotating member 74. This will allow the tension of a pre-tensionedband 42 to rotate the rotating member 74 and associated extensions 78 tothe point where the pre-tensioned band 42 becomes free of the device 46and returns to an un-tensioned state, preferably around a part which isto be ligated. Those of skill in the art will recognize that a rotatingmember 74 as described herein may be a freely rotating member subject toforces applied by a band 42 and/or resistance forces applied by notchedportions 82 of a hinged member 70. In an alternative embodiment, arotating member 74 may be spring-loaded and/or rotationally biased toassist in the freeing of a pre-tensioned band when a hinged member isactivated and a band is released as described herein.

In one embodiment, a pre-tensioning member 46 is constructed as anintegral portion of a remainder of a ligation device 10. In analternative embodiment, a pre-tensioning member 46 comprises an optionalattachment which is temporarily secured to a distal end of a ligationdevice 10.

As shown in FIGS. 4-5, a receiving portion 36 for a crimping band 66 isprovided at a distal end of a ligation tool 10. In one embodiment, thereceiving portion 36 is formed to receive a similarly shaped crimpingband 66 as previously discussed. The receiving portion 36 furthercomprises recesses 27 which enable the crimping of a crimping band 66via features as discussed herein. It will be recognized that althoughthe receiving portion 36 is displayed as being disposed with itselongate axis in a horizontal position, receiving portion 36 may beoriented or rotated in any number of arrangements (particularly in avertical arrangement).

Referring now to FIG. 6, a detailed view of a portion of a ligation tool10 is shown. One end of a ligation tool 10 is shown with a loop portion60 of a band 42 extending through a distal end and connected to a hook38 of a lever arm 12 via an anchor hook 62. An aperture 58 or cut-awayis provided for visual and physical access to an interior portion of thedevice 10. In one embodiment, a band 42 as described herein may beloaded into the present device by placing the band 42 into a distal endof the device, with the anchor hook 62 being loaded first. Onceinserted, an anchor hook 62 may be manually guided to interface with ahook 38 disposed on a lever arm 12. Those of skill in the art willrecognize that hook 38 may be comprised of a hook or any similar devicecapable of engaging and transmitting tension to a portion of a ligationband 42.

Subsequently, according to various devices and methods as describedherein, a band 42 may be disposed around a body part to be ligated andthe lever arm 12 utilized to apply tension. In one embodiment, theadjustable portion 66 interfaces with one or more portions of theligation device 10 and remains in a fixed position relative to thedevice. Accordingly, the loop portion 60 of a band 42 is allowed totranslate through both an adjustable portion 66 and a portion of theligation tool until a sufficient amount of tension is applied to a bodypart.

Once appropriate tension has been applied, hinged members 26 may beactivated to apply a force to the adjustable portion 66 and secure thedesired tension. Once an adjustable portion 66 is appropriately crimped,tension may be released from the non-ligating portion of the band 42(i.e. the portion proximal to a user) by restoring the lever arm to anun-tensioned position. Once tension is released from the non-ligatingportion of the band 42, the anchor 62 may be disengaged from the hookedportion 38 of a lever arm and the ligation tool 10 may be withdrawn fromthe work area. Thus, the band assembly 42 may be allowed to remain onthe body part. Accordingly, there is no need to cut, adjust, orotherwise perform maintenance on a band 42 once tension has beenapplied. The band 42 may be allowed to remain on the animal until theligated body part and band 42 drop away from the animal.

In one embodiment, this engaging mechanism comprises an electromagnetthat communicates with a magnetic portion of the ligature band 42 and isfurther releasable via the interruption of a current to theelectromagnet. In an alternative embodiment, the hook 38 is formed tofit securely within a portion of the ligature band 42. Hooks 38 of thepresent invention may be easily manipulated and/or rotated (e.g. throughthe use of a pushbutton) to readily engage or release a portion of aligature band 42 as described herein.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view further illustrative of articulating hingedmembers 26 useful for crimping a band 42. Hinged members 26 are shown ina closed or “crimped” position, wherein hinged members 26 have beenactivated to apply a crimp to an adjustable portion 66 of a band 42. Oneadvantage of the present invention is the ability to apply a crimpingforce to the sides of an adjustable portion 66. It is known thatcomplications may arise where improper or inadequate crimping occurs.For example, known crimping devices and methods may leave a gap betweenends of a loop 60 or similarly may result in an overhang or protrusionof a metal clip into a ligation area or circumference. These results canlead to infliction of pain and/or harm to an animal and unsuccessfulligation. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a device and methodthat allows for a ligation band 42 to be placed around a body partwherein the inner circumference of a crimped band 42 is comprised solelyof rubber, latex, or similar ligation band material. In other words,once a band 42 is crimped and allowed to remain on an animal, the animalpart should interface exclusively with a loop portion 60. By applyinglateral forces through hinged members 26 and hinges 54, the presentinvention allows for a side crimp. This side crimp helps to ensure thatgaps in the loop 60 do not remain and that portions of an adjustableportion 66 will not contact a part to be ligated.

In one embodiment, lateral crimping is accomplished through the use ofat least two articulating levers which may be actuated at a distanceaway from the crimp site. Three pivot points per lever/side may beprovided to translate the application of an inward force applied tolevers to a crimping band 66.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention.As previously described, it may be desirable to limit the amount ofdiscretion as to tension applied provided to a user of a ligationdevice, due to the fact that excessive or inadequate tension mayfrustrate ligation efforts or cause them to fail. In order to provideguidance as to proper tension to be applied, as well as to help securetension, one or more extensions 106 may be provided along a length of alever arm 12. Extensions 106 may be disposed within and allowed totravel through troughs 98 of a main portion 22 as tension is appliedand/or released (i.e. the rod is translated). Once tension has beenapplied and a user desires to secure that amount of tension, a lever arm12 may be rotated so that extensions 106 are allowed to come to rest ingrooved or notched regions 102 of a proximal end of a main portion 22.

In an alternative embodiment, a series of extensions 106 may be providedalong a length of a lever arm 12. Different extensions 106 may, forexample, correspond to different levels of tension applied (e.g. fordifferent sized animals, body parts, and/or bands to be applied). Theseextensions 106 may be calibrated and spaced apart so that theycorrespond to specific levels of tension. Different extensions 106 maybe color coded so that they correspond to different tension levelsand/or correspond to different ligation bands of the present inventionwhich may be similarly color coded. Alternatively, extensions 106 areprovided at various increments, which allow a user a certain limitedlevel of discretion as the level of tension to be applied.

In an alternative embodiment, visual indicators are be provided along alength of a lever arm 12 to inform a user as to an appropriate,inadequate, and/or excessive amount of tension being applied. Additionaldevices, such as stop pins may be provided to secure the lever arm 12 ina desired position. In an alternative embodiment, spring loaded pinsextend from an interior portion of a lever arm 12 once appropriatedisplacement is reached. Spring loaded pins indicate a desired level ofextension/tension and provide securing means that prevent a lever armfrom retracting back toward and un-tensioned state.

In alternative embodiments, tension sensing means, such as strain gaugesand similar equipment may be implemented to evaluate tension applied.Tension sensing means may further be connected to signal processingmeans and display to a user when appropriate tension has been achievedor exceeded. In one embodiment, tension indicators as described in U.S.Pat. No. 6,409,738 to Callicrate are incorporated into features of thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of various components of a band 42according to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition to afully assembled band 42, an anchor hook portion 62 is shown inisolation. Anchor hooks 62 of the present invention may compriseextensions disposed within a portion of a loop 60 to help secure ananchor hook 62 and a loop 60 in fixed communication with each other.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a ligation tool according to oneembodiment. Such embodiments comprise a release mechanism 200 whichfacilitates or enables the release of a ligature band 42 with minimaluser input. For example, such embodiments may include a stop pin 208 forpreventing rotation of a rotating member 74 and maintaining a ligatureband 42 in an elongated or tensioned state. The stop pin 208 isoutwardly biased from a portion of the device by at least one biasingmember, such as a spring 212. In certain embodiments, a rotating member74 as shown and described herein may be restrained or mobilized by anattachment portion 214 extending around a periphery of the device andcomprising a translatable stop pin 208 and a receiving member for saidstop pin on a non-rotatable portion 218 of the device.

In certain embodiments, a stop pin 204 comprises an extending portion,such as a head or flange which prevents translation of the pin 204 in afirst position despite a biasing force being applied by a spring 212 orsimilar biasing member. In certain embodiments, the invention furthercomprises a trigger portion or thumb plate 204 for depressing a portionof the device in a manner that allows for the head of the stop pin 208to align with a through hole in a non-rotatable portion 218 of thedevice. Once alignment is achieved, the spring 212 may translate the pinto a position where the pin is no longer capable of preventing rotationof a rotatable part of the device. Thus, in certain embodiments, anexpanded and/or tensioned ligature band may be released from a rotatingmember 74 by applying a downward force achievable by a human thumb orfinger. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present inventionfacilitate rapid, accurate, reproducible, and/or reliable placement of aligature band around a body part to be ligated.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of one embodiment further illustrating apin 208, biasing member 212, rigid portion 218 with a through hole 222,a rotatable member 74 for maintaining a ligature band 42 in an extendedposition, and a user interface 204. In certain embodiments, a rotatablemember 74 is connected to a rigid portion 214 comprising a thumb plateor user interface 204. A rotating member 74 is secured in a firstposition such that it may resist a torque applied to it throughextensions (not shown, but 78 in FIG. 18) and an attached band 42. Atorque is at least partially resisted in a first state by a rigidextension 214 and corresponding pin 208. As will be recognized by one ofordinary skill in the art, a torque applied to a rotating member 74 istranslated to a rigid member 214 which applies a moment upon a pin 208.The pin experiences a shear force due to the moment applied by the rigidmember 214 and contact with a bracket or rigid portion 218 of the tool.In various embodiments, the shear force and material properties of thepin 208 provide the necessary resistance for preventing rotation andmaintaining a ligature band 42 in an extended or tensioned positionfacilitating placement of a band around a body part.

In various embodiments, a biasing element 212 is provided. As usedherein, a biasing element refers to both linearly and non-linearlybiased devices. In one embodiment, a pin comprises a spring pin, such asMcMaster-Carr Part No. 98195A015 and a biasing element 212 comprises acoil spring such as McMaster-Carr Part No. 9435K52. The presentinvention is not limited to any particular device, feature, dimension,product, or other detail. Rather, various references to part numbers,dimensions, and features are provided herein merely to provideadditional support and further enable the present disclosure.

One of skill in the art will recognize that it is often desirable inligature procedures to minimize the amount of user manipulation and/ortime required to place a band around a particular body part.Accordingly, release mechanisms as shown and described herein increasethe simplicity and reduce safety risks in ligature procedures withrespect to human users and animal subjects alike. As shown in FIG. 11, aligation device is provided with a ligature band 42. Although shown inan un-tensioned state, the band 42 may be stretched and placed aroundmembers 80 to position a band 42 in a stretched/tensioned state. Theforce imparted upon a rotating member 74 by a band is resisted androtation is prevented by a lever 214 and translatable pin 208. Incertain embodiments, the pin 208 is provided with a flange or head whichcontacts a rigid portion 218 of the device and prevents a spring 212from translating the pin in an outward direction in a first position.Thus, in certain embodiments, a spring 208 is provided which, in a firstposition, is adapted to resist at least a shear force applied by band 42and lever 214 combination as well as resist translation due an axialspring force.

In various embodiments, a user-interface portion 204 is provided. Auser-interface portion 204 or a thumb plate provides a generally planarsurface adapted for human contact. The generally planar surface portionis adapted for receiving and transmitting a user-applied force. Forexample, a downward force applied by a human thumb can depress the platetoward a portion of the device (e.g. 218), thereby counteracting theforce applied to a rotating member 74 and lever 214 by a band 42. Uponthe application of an appropriate amount of force, the lever will bedisplaced to a position wherein the pin 208 and flange portion of thepin 208 is generally aligned with a through hole 222. Upon achievingproper alignment, the spring 212 will act to eject a pin 208 from athrough hole 222. Thus, various embodiments of the present inventioncomprise the ability to release a band and associated tensionmaintaining devices through, for example, one-handed or single-fingeroperation.

Although various figures depict a device comprising a single stop pinand spring combination, one of skill in the art will recognize that anynumber of rotation limiting and pin release mechanisms may be disposedon devices on the present invention. For example, a similar or identicalfeature may be disposed opposite the pin and spring combination shown inFIGS. 10-11.

It will further be recognized that thumb plates and/or releasemechanisms of the present invention may be disposed at any number oflocations on the device. For example, a thumb plate may be located ateither a distal or proximal end or at any number of locationstherebetween. In various embodiments, the thumb plate is disposed at aproximal end of a device and connected to a distal end of the devicethrough a rigid connecting member and/or lever. In alternativeembodiments, a thumb plate or release mechanism is disposed on one ormore hinged members 26 adapted for crimping a band.

As shown in FIGS. 12-13, a ligature band of a predetermined length isprovided. In certain embodiments, a ligature band is provided that iscomprised of an elastomeric material of a predetermined length which isfolded and/or shaped to form a closed loop 60. Two ends of thepredetermined length of the elastomeric material are disposedsubstantially parallel to each other and an anchor member 62 or tangportion is secured to the two ends of the elastomeric material ofpredetermined length. In certain embodiments, a crimping band 66 isprovided, the crimping band being translatable along at least a portionof the length of a band in an uncrimped state.

In various embodiments, a closed loop 60 may comprise a natural latexrubber and various other similar materials having elastomericproperties. Anchor members may be comprised of any number of materialsknown to generally withstand tension forces. For example, anchor membersof the present invention may be comprised of any one of the groupconsisting of 4043 aluminum, various other aluminums, stainless steel,titanium, rigid plastics, high density polyethylene, low densitypolyethylene, polystyrene, nylon, rubber, synthetic rubber, PEEK,ultra-polymers, high performance polymers, mid-range polymers, andcommodity polymers. In various embodiments, anchor members comprisematerials which are generally resistant to corrosion and thereby providea loop and anchor member which is generally resistant to corrosion,particularly when left to reside on the body part of an animal forvarious periods of time. One of skill in the art will recognize thatwhere detachable ligation bands are applied to an animal and the animalis thereafter allowed to reside or generally be exposed to outdoorenvironments, it is desirable to prevent or avoid corrosion of variousparts of the band which may come into contact with the animal and/orother animals. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present inventioncontemplate providing a band comprised at least partially of elementsadapted for avoiding, preventing, or resisting corrosion.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that where tension isapplied to a ligature band through an anchor member, the anchor memberand means of attaching the anchor member to the band must be capable ofwithstanding a certain degree of tension and/or force. Therefore, invarious embodiments, an anchor member is secured to a ligature bandusing one or more adhesives and/or bonding agents. Adhesive and bondingagents suitable for use in various embodiments of the present inventioninclude, but are not limited to anaerobic adhesives, cyanoacrylateadhesives, two-part epoxies, single-part epoxies, structural acrylics,UV light curable adhesives, polyurethane reactive adhesives, two-parturethane adhesives, acrylic adhesives, solvent or water based adhesives,contact bond adhesives, and similar substances. In one embodiment,Permabond 792 Cyanoacrylate is applied to bond anchor members toligature bands to at least partially assist in the secure attachment ofthe anchor members and the bands.

As shown in FIGS. 14-15, an anchor member is provided. In variousembodiments, an anchor member comprises a first end and a second end,the first end comprising one or more members for insertion into a band,the second comprising a U-shaped member, and two elongate memberspositioned therebetween. In various embodiments, members for insertioncomprise geometries and/or surface features adapted for securely fixingan anchor member within an elastic member (see, e.g. FIG. 15).

In certain embodiments, portions of anchor members are preferably formedor shaped to increase surface area and generally promote secureattachment to a ligature band. In various embodiments, anchor memberscomprise ridges or protrusions to both increase the amount of surfacearea of the anchor member in contact with the ligature band as well ascreate portions or regions wherein a normal force is applied between theanchor member and the ligature band upon the application of tension upona loop 42. Furthermore, in various embodiments, portions of anchormembers are shaped to receive and/or maintain bonding agents andadhesives.

In various embodiments, portions of anchor members are formed and/orshaped so as to prevent, limit, and/or reduce the amount of bondingagent that is pushed or scraped off of an anchor member when the anchormember is inserted into the ligature band. One of skill in the art willrecognize that where a bonding agent is initially applied to a portionof an anchor member and the anchor member is thereafter inserted orpress fit into a ligature band, the ligature band is likely to scrape,remove, or otherwise dislocate a bonding agent from the anchor member.Therefore, in various embodiments, anchor members of the presentinvention are shaped so as to shelter adhesive agents and prevent theremoval of one or more bonding agents as the anchor member is applied tothe ligature band. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, ridges, rasps,recessions, dimples, scales, and/or various similar features andcombinations thereof are provided on at least a first end of anchormembers which are adapted to house and/or protect adhesive agents as ananchor member is securely placed within a loop.

FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of the presentinvention. As shown, a lever biasing member 228 is provided for biasingcrimping arms in an outward direction. In one embodiment, a leverbiasing member 228 comprises a coil spring adapted to apply a tensionforce on lever arms 26 via one or more hinges 230. Accordingly, invarious embodiments, lever arms 26 may be directed inward under a forceachievable by a human user which is sufficient to overcome a springforce provided by a lever biasing member 228. However, when no externalforces are applied to a ligation tool, the lever biasing member isadapted to provide sufficient force to restore levers 26 to an initialposition. In various embodiments, an initial position comprises aposition wherein levers 26 as well as crimping tangs 232 are in anexpanded state (i.e. with respect to one another and/or a tool/band).

FIG. 17 is a top view of one embodiment of the present invention whereina sleeve 258 is provided for applying tension to a band 42. In variousembodiments, a sleeve 258 is provided and disposed generally concentricwith a shaft portion 22 of the tool 10. The shaft portion comprises anextension 254 or protrusion adapted for securing a sleeve 258 and/orsecuring a rotational or translational position of the sleeve. Invarious embodiments, one or more slots or channels 250 are provided in asleeve 258. One or more protrusions may be disposed within a channel 250of the sleeve 258, the protrusion/channel combination being adapted forguiding translation and/or rotation of the sleeve 258 with respect tothe shaft 22. In various embodiments, the protrusion/channel combinationis adapted for selectively securing the sleeve 258 in a desiredlocation, thereby securing the tension applied to a band 42 and allowinga user to divert attention and/or manipulation to levers 26 for crimpingthe band 42.

In various embodiments, a lever arm 12 is disposed within the shaft 22and sleeve 258 and securely connected to a proximal portion of thesleeve. The sleeve may further comprise various features to facilitategripping, pulling, and/or rotating of the device 10 and sleeve 258 by ahuman hand. For example, in certain embodiments, a flange 262 isprovided at a proximal end of the sleeve 258 to reduce the risk of auser's hand inadvertently becoming detached from the sleeve. In variousembodiments, an outer portion of the sleeve is comprised of a rubberand/or textured surface to facilitate user manipulation of the sleeve258.

In various embodiments, a sleeve 258 comprises various gripping androtation assistance features. For example, gripping features of thepresent invention comprise protrusions and indentations adapted forreceiving a user's hand and/or finger(s). In certain embodiments, thepresent invention comprises extensions or levers extending generallyradially from a sleeve 258 adapted for creating a mechanical advantagefor applying a torque to the sleeve.

In alternative embodiments, a sleeve portion 258 comprises a handleportion. For example, a generally T-shaped extension may be providedwhich extends from a proximal location of the sleeve 258. In suchembodiments, a user may apply tension to a ligation band and/or rotateand secure the sleeve position by manipulating either one of the sleeve258 itself or a handle portion. In various embodiments, channels 250comprise an L or T-shaped arrangement on at least a distal end whereinlaterally extending channels terminate with a longitudinal extension formaintaining a position of the sleeve. One of ordinary skill in the artwill recognize that where a tension force of sufficient magnitude isapplied by a band 42, the sleeve may slide out of a locked position ifnot properly secured. Thus, in addition to frictional forces providedbetween the sleeve 258 and the protrusion 254, the present inventioncontemplates further locking or cradling the protrusion 254 such that anormal force is applied between a portion of the sleeve 258 and pin 254when torsion is applied to the sleeve or shaft.

In one embodiment, different sized bands 42 are provided in order toperform ligation on different sizes, types, ages, etc. of animals.Various devices known in the art employ an endless loop band. Althoughendless loop bands may accommodate various different size animals andparts, they may present a risk of applying excessive or inadequatetension. Various embodiments of the present invention provide forconstraints that may limit the amount of discretion a user has overtension to be applied. Additionally, due to the fact that theseconstraints may only be appropriate for certain sized animals or bodyparts, the present invention further contemplates the use of differentsized bands 42. For example, a band 42 is provided that is suitable forligation of small animals, such as infant calves or sheep. A band 42 ofsimilar design is further provided for a medium sized animal, such as amore developed calf. This medium sized band 42 is larger in initialcircumference and/or has a higher elastic force. Bands 42 may also beprovided for larger animals, such as grown bulls. These bands arefurther color coded and/or labeled so as to readily provide informationto a user and reduce the risk of using an improper band and resultingfailed ligation.

In accordance with various features and components of the presentinvention, a method of using the same will now be described. Ligationprocedures may be performed by first inserting a ligation band 42 into adistal end of a ligation device 10. The ligation band 42 may then bemanually expanded to extend around extensions 78 of a rotatable member74 of a pre-tensioning device 46 in a closed position. With a ligationband 42 in a pre-tensioned position, the device 10 may be placed againstan animal part (e.g. scrotum) and the part worked into the loop 42 witha free hand. Once the loop 42 is properly situated, force may be appliedto a thumb-plate 50, allowing the rotatable member 74 to rotate and thepre-tensioned band 42 to return to a non-expanded state. Tension maythen be applied to a lever arm 12 via handle 14 to securely tighten theband 42 around the part. Once the desired or indicated maximum tensionis reached, the handle 14 and lever arm 12 may be rotated to a lockedposition or similarly secured as described herein. Once the rod 12 islocked, hinged levers 26 may be actuated to compress and crimp or securean adjustable portion 66 of the band 42. Once the band 42 is secured bycrimping or securing the adjustable portion 66, the anchor hook 62 maybe freed from a hooked end 38 of the lever arm 12. Accordingly, the band42 is now secured to the part to be ligated and the remainder of thedevice 10 may be removed from the work area. The band is allowed toreside in a tensioned state around the part to be ligated until the partto the ligated and the band drop away from the animal. Thus, there is noneed to cut or sever portions of ligature material and/or a ligatureband.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a ligation device 300 according to oneembodiment of the present invention. As shown, a ligation device 300 isprovided wherein tension on a ligation band 314 is maintained by alocking mechanism. The locking mechanism allows linear motion in theligation band in a tightening direction while preventing motion in anopposing direction.

The ligation device 300 comprises a handle 302, a shaft 304 having ahollow interior, a lever arm 308 disposed within the shaft 304, a hook310, a deployable ligation band 314, an optional grip 306, and anoptional pre-tensioning device 200. The handle 302 abuts the proximalend of the shaft 304 and is connected to the lever arm 308. The handle302 may comprise various features to facilitate gripping by a user'shand, including rubber and/or a textured surface(s). As shown, thehandle 302 has a flange at its proximal end to reduce the risk of auser's hand inadvertently slipping off the handle 302. The shaft has anaperture providing visual and physical access to the interior portion ofthe ligation device and an end cap or receiving portion 312 with ahollow interior. The lever arm 308 is disposed within the shaft 304 andlinks the handle 302 to the deployable ligation band 314 via a hook 310connected with the lever arm 308.

The deployable ligation band 314 comprises an elastomeric band, acollar, and a tang. The collar has an opening formed therethrough andthe tang has an eyelet in its proximal end. By moving the handle awayfrom the body part, the ligation band translates through the collaruntil the ligation band's circumference is sufficiently small to blockoff blood flow and systemic support to the body part. Once the desiredtension is achieved, the handle is returned to its initial position andthe hook is disconnected from the eyelet, thus allowing the deployableligation assembly to be separated from the ligation device. A lockingmechanism in the deployable ligation assembly secures the tension in theligation band. The deployable ligation assembly remains with the animaluntil the body part detaches from the body.

Referring now to FIGS. 18, 19 a and 19 b, a ligation band applicationtool and a ligation band according to preferred embodiments are shown.FIG. 18 depicts a ligation band application device comprising a handleportion 302, a longitudinally extending shaft 304 having a grip portion306, and a pre-tensioning device 200 disposed at a distal end of thedevice 300. The handle 302 is interconnected to a lever arm 308 disposedgenerally within and substantially coaxial with the shaft 304. The leverarm 308 comprises a hook 310 at a distal end for selectively andremovably engaging a portion of a ligation band 314. A band receivingportion 312 is provided at a distal end of the device 300 for receivinga ligating band 314. A collar portion of a band 314, as will be furtherdescribed, may be disposed within or otherwise accommodated by thereceiving portion 312. The band 314 is held in a specific orientation inthe receiving portion 312 and allows for the application of tension tovarious portions of the band 314 by an application of force to thehandle 302, lever arm 308 and hook portion 310. Communication betweenportions of the loop 314 and the receiving portion 312 further allow forvarious portions of the loop 314 to be held stationary (i.e. withrespect to the device 300) while additional portions of the loop 314 aretranslated and/or secured.

FIGS. 19a-19b depict a ligation band according to a preferredembodiment. A ligation band 314 is provided having a pull tang portion316 in force transmitting communication with an elastomeric loop 318having a predetermined circumference. As one of ordinary skill in theart will recognize, the elastomeric loop 318 may be formed of a varietyof elastic/elastomeric materials, including natural rubber, latex, andvarious materials comprising similar properties.

Additionally a retainer keeper or collar portion 320 is provided. Invarious embodiments, the collar portion 320 mates with a receivingportion 312 of an application device 300 and additional comprises anaperture 328 for receiving the tang portion 316 and at least a portionof the elastomeric loop 318. Preferably, the aperture 328 sized andarranged to securely engage a portion of the elastomeric loop 318 whensaid portion is translated through the aperture 328, such as when aforce is applied by the handle 302, lever arm 308 and hook 310.

As further shown in FIG. 19b , the collar portion 320 is provided with alocking means or a retainer portion 322 through which a tang 316 may betranslated and which secures a portion of elastomeric material 318 thatis translated therethrough. In various embodiments, locking means 322comprises one or more angled walls to create a wedge effect and furthersecure an elastomeric material (i.e. allow for translation of theelastomeric portion in only one direction). In various embodiments,locking means 322 may comprise protrusions or teeth in addition to or inlieu of angled walls to engage an elastomeric portion and allow forsingle-directional movement of the elastomeric portion with respect tothe collar 320. As further shown in FIG. 19b , a band device 314 maycomprise a tang portion having an aperture 324 for receiving or hook orsimilar tension-applying member. It will be expressly recognized thatligation bands of the present invention are suitable for use with anynumber of devices and features for translating the elastomeric portion318 through the collar portion 320, including one or more human hands.The present invention is not limited to a ligation band device for usewith any single applicator device. Indeed, it is contemplated that thenovel ligation bands discussed herein may be used with any number ofadditional tools or, in the case of simply manual operation, withoutadditional tools.

In various embodiments, locking means 322 comprise one or more hingedgate portions. As used herein, the term “hinged” is contemplated asgenerally referring to any structure that is capable of hingedlyrotating with respect another portion of the device and should not beread as limiting the present invention to any particular device orarrangement of devices. Thus, in one embodiment, locking means 322is/are hingedly coupled to the collar portion 320 and allow for rotationof locking means 322 inwardly (i.e. away from a part to be ligated bythe band 318). Tension is further secured by this feature, as thelocking means 322 will be disposed at an angle that will resist orprevent return of a portion of the band 318 that has been translatedtherethrough.

Referring to FIGS. 20-24, various alternative embodiments of ligationbands are provided. Referring to FIG. 20, an embodiment of a deployableligation band 314 is shown. As shown, the deployable ligation assembly314 comprises an elastomeric band 318, a tang 316, and a collar portion320. The tang 316 is connected with the band 318 and is partiallyinserted through an opening formed in the collar 320. A plurality ofteeth 330 is disposed on the tang 316 and is configured to interact witha corresponding locking mechanism 332 disposed in the collar 320 oncethe band 318 has contacted the collar opening. As illustrated, thelocking mechanism 332 comprises a pawl disposed within the collar 320.The pawl 332 has teeth configured to engage the tang teeth 330, thuspreventing withdrawal of the tang 316 from the collar 320 and securing atension in the band 318.

In order to tighten the band 318 around a body part, a user appliestension to the tang 316 via a tensioning rod. The applied forcetranslates the tang 316 and band 318 through the opening of the collar320. As the tang 316 is translated through the collar opening, theconvex portion of the tang teeth contact the convex portion of the pawlteeth. Upon contact, the pawl moves and allows the tang teeth to pass bythe pawl teeth. Once the tang teeth pass by the pawl teeth, the pawlmoves back to its initial, unstressed position. This process continuesuntil the desired level of tension is achieved on the band 318 and theuser stops applying tension to the tensioning rod. Once tension isremoved from the tensioning rod, the planar portion of the pawl teethwill engage the planar portion of the tang teeth, thereby preventingretraction of the tang and securing the tension in the band 318. If thepawl 332 flexes, the back surface of the tang will contact the side wallof the collar opening, thus creating frictional forces that will preventretraction of the tang 316. A heel may be provided on the pawl 332 toobstruct flexion of the pawl and assist in preventing linkageretraction.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the opening maycontain additional pawls in any configuration, including stacked, sideby side, or other configurations as may be desired. Additionally, thelocking mechanism may comprise other forms of pivotable and flexiblepawls, angled locking surfaces, or insertable barbs.

Referring to FIG. 21, another embodiment of a deployable ligation band314 is shown. As shown, the deployable ligation band 314 comprises aelastomeric band 318, a tang 316, and a collar 330. The tang 316 isconnected with the band 318 and is partially inserted through an openingformed in the collar 320. The band 318 comprises a plurality of teeth330 and the collar 320 comprises a corresponding locking mechanism orpawl 332. The locking mechanism 332 may comprise a pawl disposed withinthe opening and functions in the same way as described above with regardto FIG. 20. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that theopening may contain additional pawls in any configuration, includingstacked, side by side, or other configurations as may be desired.Additionally, the locking mechanism may comprise other forms ofpivotable and flexible pawls, angled locking surfaces, or insertablebarbs.

Referring to FIG. 22, a further embodiment of a deployable ligation band314 is shown. As shown, the deployable ligation band 314 comprises aligation band 318, a tang 316, and a collar 320. The tang 316 isconnected with the band 318 and is partially inserted through an openingformed in the collar 320. A locking mechanism 334 disposed within thecollar opening comprises one or more biasing members. As the band 318 ispulled into the collar opening, thereby tightening the portion of theligation band surrounding a body part, the biasing member allow theligation band to move through the opening. The biasing members may flexor rotate to allow this movement. However, upon opposing motion of theband 318, the biasing members 334 bear against the surface of theligation band and produce a wedging action that binds the band 318 inthe opening and prevents any further backward motion. The biasingmembers 334 may include ridges, protrusions, pawls, hooks, or barbs. Tooptimize performance, the biasing members 334 may be spring loaded toincrease the binding motion of the biasing member. Additionally, highfriction materials may be used to increase the friction between thebiasing members and the ligation band. An advantage of this embodimentis that the ligation band and the linkage are toothless, thus reducingthe cost and complexity of the deployable ligation assembly. It shouldbe understood by those skilled in the art that the opening may containany number of biasing members, in any configuration, including stacked,side by side, or other configurations, as may be desired.

Referring to FIG. 23, an embodiment of a deployable ligation band 314 isshown that provides approximately 360 degree engagement. As shown, thedeployable ligation band 314 comprises an elastomeric band 318, a tang316, and a collar 320. The tang 316 is connected with the band 318 andis partially inserted through an opening formed in the collar 320.Locking members 336 are disposed within the collar opening and areconfigured to engage ridges 338 formed on the tang 316. The lockingmembers 336 allow the ridges 338 to pass through the opening when theband 318 is being tightened, but, upon opposing motion, the lockingmembers engage the ridges and prevent backward movement. The advantageof this embodiment is that the locking members engage the ridges aroundthe entire perimeter of the linkage, thus providing substantially 360degree engagement. The engagement ensures that, once deployed, thelocking mechanism will maintain sufficient tension in the ligation bandto block off blood flow and systemic support to a body part.

Referring to FIG. 24, an embodiment of a deployable ligation band 314 isshown that requires crimping to secure tension in a tightened band 318.As shown, the deployable ligation assembly comprises an elastomeric band318, a tang 316, and a collar 320. The tang 316 is connected with theband 318 and is partially inserted through an opening formed in thecollar 320. The collar 320 comprises a malleable material that deformsupon compression by a crimping assembly. In use, force 340 is applied tothe tang 316 via a tensioning rod until a desired level of tension isapplied to the band 318. Then, a crimping force is applied to at least aportion of the external surface of the collar until the collar 320 iscrimped around the tang 316 and/or band 318, thereby securing tension inthe band 318. After the collar 320 is crimped, the tang 316 isdisconnected from the tensioning rod or tension applicator. Thedeployable ligation band 314 remains attached to a body part, and thetension in the ligation band blocks off blood flow and system support tothe body part.

FIGS. 25-27 depict a ligation device 400 according to another embodimentof the present disclosure. FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a ligationdevice 400 with a ligation band 410 provided therewith. The device 400comprises a lever arm 402 which provides a first user-interface and agrasping portion 404 which provides a second user interface. The leverarm 402 and grasping portion 404 are intended to be grasped by the handsof a user in order to apply a tension to a ligature band 410 as shownand described herein. The device 400 further comprises a spool 406 witha tensioning strap 408 secured thereto. The spool 406 is rotatable andpreferably connected to the lever arm 402 by a ratchet and pawl system(not shown in FIG. 25). In the depicted embodiment, the grasping portion404 is provided on a first end of an elongate support member 418. Aligature band 410 is selectively interconnected to the device 400 at asecond end of the device, the second end preferably being distal to thefirst end. A receiving plate 416 is preferably provided at the secondend of the device 400 and adapted to receive a ligature band 410.

The spool 406 is preferably offset from the elongate support member 418and supported thereon by first and second support members 422 a, 422 bsuch that the tensioning strap 408 extends toward the second end of thedevice 400 at an angle and does not contact or become obstructed by theelongate support member 418 or related components. The tensioning strap408 preferably comprises a first end 407 secured to the spool 406, and asecond end 409 comprising a rigid hook 414 for selectively connectingthe tensioning strap 408 to a ligature band 410. The ligature band 410,as shown and described herein, comprises an elastic loop portion 426, acollar member 424, and a tang 412. In the depicted embodiment, the tang412 is received through the receiving plate 416 and the collar member416 is provided in contact with an outer portion of the receiving plate416. In operation, a tension is applied to a loop portion 426 of theligature band 410 by applying a force to the lever arm 402 and rotatingthe spool 406. Rotation of the spool 406 conveys a force to thetightening strap 408, and the tightening strap 408 may be coiled aroundthe spool 406 based upon the amount of tension applied. Tension istransferred to the tang 412 via the rigid hook 414. The tang 412 ispreferably secured to the loop portion 426 of the ligature band 410. Asthe tang 412 is urged toward a first end of the device, a collar member424 is supported by the receiving plate 416 and the loop portion 426 istranslated through the collar member 424 and the receiving plate 416(depending upon the amount of translation). An applied tension in theloop portion 426 is maintained by the collar member 424 and relatedcomponents as shown and described herein.

In various embodiments, the grasping portion 404 preferably comprises agrip or coating comprising any one or more of a variety of materialsknown in the art such as rubber or foam sleeves, including, but notlimited to, cork tapes, NPVC (or Nitrile) foam tubing, neoprene,silicone, EPDM foam, and various other materials known in the art. Itwill be recognized that an objective of a grip portion as provided inthe present invention is to allow a user to comfortably grasp the device400. Accordingly, one of skill in the art will recognize variousmaterials and devices through which this may be accomplished. In analternative embodiment, a grip portion may be comprised of recesses inthe elongate support member 418 which accommodates digits of a humanhand, thus providing a comfortable grip and reducing the risk ofslippage or dropping of the device 400.

The elongate support member 418 as shown in FIG. 25 comprises a firstmember 418 a and second member 418 b. In the depicted embodiment, thefirst member 418 b has a smaller diameter than the second member 418 a.The first 418 a and second 418 b members may be substantially solid orhollow, depending on the needs of the user. In the depicted embodimentof FIG. 25, the first 418 a and second 418 b members comprisetelescoping members that are translatable relative to each other, andsuch that an overall length of the elongate support member 418 may bevaried. The first 418 a and second 418 b members are preferablytranslatable with respect to each other, and the device 400 comprises alocking mechanism 403 adapted to secure the relative position of thefirst member 418 a and the second member 418 b. In the depictedembodiment, the locking mechanism 403 comprises at least one of a clampand a set screw to secure a position of the second member 418 b andprevent translation thereof, at least with respect to the first member418 a.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a ligature band 410of the present disclosure. As shown, the ligature band 410 comprises aloop portion 426, a tang portion 412, and a collar member 424. The loopportion 426 is connected to tang portion 412 at a first end 500 of thetang portion. In the depicted embodiment, the first end 500 of the tangportion 412 comprises an aperture through which the loop portion 426 ispassed or threaded. In the position shown in FIG. 26, the tang portion412 extends through the collar member 424 and comprises a second end502. The second end 502 preferably comprises an aperture 504 forreceiving a tension-applying member. The aperture 504 is adapted toreceive the rigid hook 414 as shown in FIG. 25, for example. The tangportion 412 preferably comprises a substantially rigid materialincluding, for example, one or more plastics or metals adapted totransmit a force to the loop portion 426 and draw the loop portionthrough the collar member 424. Constricting the loop portion 426 in thismanner allows the loop portion 426 to be contracted around an animalbody part. Tension in the loop portion 426 is automatically secured andmaintained by the collar member 424 as the loop portion 426 is passedthrough the collar member 424. Once a desired tension is applied, a usermay then cut the loop 426 at a point which has already been receivedthrough the collar member 424. This causes the tightened loop 426 toremain on the animal, and allows the user to remove the device 400. Oneof skill in the art will recognize that the loop 426 may be comprised ofthe same materials as the loop described in FIGS. 1-24.

FIG. 27 is a rear perspective view of the ligature band 410 of theembodiment of FIG. 26. As shown in FIG. 27, the ligature band 410comprises locking members 506 a, 506 b. The locking members 506 a, 506 bcomprise at least one of angled and hinged members that deflect when theloop portion 426 of the ligature band 410 is translated through thecollar member 424. The locking members 506 a, 506 b preferably comprisemembers that hingedly or flexibly attach to the collar member 424. In apreferred embodiment, the locking members 506 a, 506 b comprises thinnedor narrowed portions 510 at a connection point with the collar member424, and wherein the narrowed portions 510 comprise flexible hinges thatallow the locking members 506 a, 506 b to rotate with respect to thecollar member 424. In the depicted embodiment, the locking members 506a, 506 b are molded or otherwise formed from the same material as aportion of the collar member 424 and the hinges comprise narrowedportions 510 of a lesser material thickness that is allowed to flex,bend or hinge and enable movement of the locking members 506 a, 506 bvia a living hinge. In alternative embodiments, the locking members 506a, 506 b are connected to the collar member 424 with an additional hingeelement (not shown in FIG. 27). Such a hinge element may comprise, forexample, at least one hinge selected from the group consisting of a butthinge, a butterfly hinge, a flush hinge, a barrel hinge, a concealedhinge, and a continuous hinge.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 27, the locking members 506 a, 506 bcomprise at least one projection 508 and preferably comprise a pluralityof projections 508 to engage the loop portion 426 when the loop portionis drawn or translated through the collar member 424 and the lockingmembers 506 a, 506 b. As shown and described herein, the locking members506 a, 506 b preferably comprise devices that allow for movement of theloop portion 426 in only one direction. In the depicted embodiment,movement of the loop portion 426 in the desired direction is enabled anda reverse movement is substantially provided by the locking members 506a, 506 b and the projections 508. The projections 508 preferablycomprise at least one of teeth, rasps, and angled walls adapted toengage or penetrate a portion of the loop portion 426.

In various embodiments, ligation bands of the present disclosure do notrequire the use of an additional tool to apply the band to an animal. Itwill be expressly recognized, therefore, that the present disclosure isnot limited to a ligation device or system comprising any particularapplication tool or, for that matter, any tool at all. Indeed, it iscontemplated that ligation bands of the present disclosure may beapplied directly to an animal and tension applied by hand. In oneembodiment, a ligating band comprising self-locking features is providedsuch that a user may apply tension to the band in a tensioning directionand the band will not retreat or return toward or to an un-tensionedstate.

FIG. 28 is an exploded perspective view of the ligature band 410 of theembodiment of FIGS. 26 and 27. As shown, a loop 426 is provided andpreferably comprises an elastomeric ligature band. The loop 426 has atang portion 412 interconnected thereto. Specifically, and in thedepicted embodiment, the tang portion 412 comprises a first end 500 thatextends around or is otherwise securely attached to the loop 426. Thetang portion 412 extends away from the loop 426 to a second end 502. Thesecond end 502 comprises an aperture 504. The second end 502 and theaperture 504 are provided to receive a tensioning member and transmit aforce to the loop 426. In certain embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 28,the tang portion 412 comprises a barb 413 or similar structure. The barb413 comprises at least one expanded portion along the length of the tangportion 412 and prevents tang 412 from travelling through the collarportion 424 beyond a desired amount. FIG. 28 depicts the collar member424 and a locking feature 505 as separate components from the tangportion 412 for illustrative purposes. The collar member 424 comprisesan interior sidewall 501 having a depth and a central aperture 503through which the tang 412 and/or the loop 426 may be translated. Thelocking features 505 comprises first and second locking portions 506 a,506 b, and living hinges 510 securing the locking features to thelocking feature 505. The locking feature 505 is shown as a separatecomponent in FIG. 28 for illustrative purposes, and may be adhered orwelded to the collar 424 when fully assembly. In certain embodiments,the collar 424 and locking feature 505 comprise a unitary constructionwherein both pieces are formed or molded as a single piece.

The present invention, in various embodiments, includes components,methods, processes, systems and/or apparatus as depicted and describedherein, including various embodiments, sub combinations, and subsetsthereof. The drawings are not to scale, and various modifications to thedimensions and shapes depicted and described herein are within the scopeof the present invention. Additionally, the present invention, invarious embodiments, includes providing devices and processes in theabsence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in variousembodiments hereof, including in the absence of such items as may havebeen used in previous devices or processes, e.g., for improvingperformance, achieving ease and\or reducing cost of implementation.

The foregoing discussion of the invention has been presented forpurposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intendedto limit the invention to the form or forms disclosed herein. In theforegoing Detailed Description for example, various features of theinvention are grouped together in one or more embodiments for thepurpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the embodimentsof the invention may be combined in alternate embodiments other thanthose discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to beinterpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed inventionrequires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather,as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than allfeatures of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the followingclaims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with eachclaim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of theinvention.

Moreover, though the description of the invention has includeddescription of one or more embodiments and certain variations andmodifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications arewithin the scope of the invention, e.g., as may be within the skill andknowledge of those in the art, after understanding the presentdisclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternativeembodiments to the extent permitted, including alternate,interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or stepsto those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/orequivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps are disclosed herein,and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subjectmatter.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A ligature device for ligating an animal body part,the ligature device comprising: an elastomeric loop having apredetermined circumference; a tang portion securely connected to saidloop for applying a tension to said loop, the tang portion comprising anaperture for receiving a tension-applying member; and a collar portioncomprising an aperture for receiving said tang portion and at least aportion of said loop, said aperture comprising a locking member with atleast one projection operable to engage a portion of said loop whileallowing movement of the loop with respect to the collar portion whensaid portion is translated through said aperture.
 22. The ligaturedevice of claim 21, wherein said locking member comprises a plurality ofprojections.
 23. The ligature device of claim 21, wherein the lockingmember comprises two hinged locking members.
 24. The ligature device ofclaim 21, wherein said locking member comprises an angled wall.
 25. Theligature device of claim 21, wherein said tang portion comprises alength of substantially non-elastic material having a first end and asecond end.
 26. The ligature device of claim 21, wherein said tangportion comprises a length of substantially non-elastic material havinga first end and a second end, said length being folded about a portionof the circumference of said loop and said first and second ends joinedby a rivet.
 27. The ligature device of claim 21, wherein said tangportion comprises an aperture for receiving a member for applyingtension.
 28. The ligature device of claim 21, wherein the tang portioncomprises at least one of plastic and metal.
 29. A ligature device forligating an animal body part, comprising: an elastomeric materialprovided in a loop; a tang portion connected to said loop and adaptedfor applying tension to said circular loop; a collar comprising alocking mechanism for receiving a portion of said circular loop andmaintaining a tension applied to said elastomeric loop.
 30. The ligaturedevice of claim 29, wherein said locking mechanism comprises a pluralityof protrusions for securely engaging a portion of said elastomericmaterial.
 31. The ligature device of claim 29, wherein said lockingmechanism is sized to prevent said elastomeric material from returningto an initial position after said material is translated.
 32. Theligature device of claim 29, wherein said locking mechanism comprises aplurality of protrusions angled towards a sidewall of the gate toprevent said circular loop from returning to an initial position aftersaid loop is translated.
 33. The ligature device of claim 29, whereinsaid tang portion comprises a length of substantially non-elasticmaterial having a first end and a second end.
 34. The ligature device ofclaim 29, wherein said tang portion comprises a length of substantiallynon-elastic material having a first end and a second end folded about aportion of the elastomeric material and joined by a rivet.
 35. Theligature device of claim 29, wherein said tang portion comprises anaperture for receiving a member for applying tension.
 36. The ligaturedevice of claim 29, wherein said locking mechanism comprises at leastone gate that provides a compressing force on the loop.
 37. A ligaturedevice for ligating an animal body part, the ligature device comprising:an elastomeric loop having a predetermined circumference; a tang portionsecurely connected to said loop for applying a tension on said loop; acollar portion comprising an aperture for receiving said tang portionand at least a portion of said loop, said aperture sized to securelyengage a portion of said loop when said portion is translated throughsaid aperture; and wherein said aperture comprises a plurality ofprotrusions for securely engaging a portion of said loop.
 38. Theligature device of claim 37, wherein said aperture comprises two or morewall portions angled to prevent said portion of said loop from returningto an initial position after said portion is translated.
 39. Theligature device of claim 37, wherein said aperture comprises two or morewall portions having a plurality of protrusions angled to prevent saidportion of said loop from returning to an initial position after saidportion is translated.
 40. The ligature device of claim 37, wherein thetang is sized to pass freely through the aperture.